Low-Medium Temperature Fracturing Fluid

BORAjel is one of the most versatile and robust fracturing fluid systems in the industry. 

The fluid utilizes premium quality guar with a built-in buffering system designed to rapidly hydrate, facilitating on-fly mixing operations for operational ease, increased efficiency, and minimum post-treatment waste. The on-fly mixing also permits the pumping of varying loads of polymer, by responding to bottomhole cooldown effects and stability requirements. It exhibits extremely robust rheology and proppant transport capacity with excellent shear recovery properties, meaning it’s the fluid of choice for a broad spectrum of treatments and applications. Crosslinking time of the fluid can be easily customized which reduces fluid tubing friction and allows for pumping treatments at high rates with lower surface pressures. The customizable fluid chemistry enables fluid utilization across a wide temperature range between 100-300°F, and in a variety of mix water quality. 

High Temperature Fracturing Fluid

AQUAjel  improves production gain from fracturing treatments by utilizing low residue double derivatized Carboxy Methyl Hydroxypropyl Guar polymer (CMHPG).

The fluid has superior proppant transport capabilities, and the guar refinement results in improved thermal stability and better rheology at elevated temperatures than non-refined guar-based fluids. The fluid has excellent clean-up properties and leaves minimal polymer residue after breaking, resulting in better effective proppant pack conductivity, and leaving much larger pore space open for hydrocarbon flow than conventional fracturing fluids. It’s designed for high temperature fracturing applications and is suitable for wells with a bottomhole temperature of up to 375oF. The versatile crosslinking delay mechanism of the fluid allows for strong control over the fluid’s crosslinking timing which reduces fluid’s tubing friction and minimizes exposure to high shear environments and their possible negative effect on rheology. The superior leak-off properties of the fluid allow for better placement results and the customizable break profile permits effective break times optimization, enhancing the post-frac clean-up.

TAQA’s 15%, 20% and 28% straight HCl Systems can be used to stimulate oil and gas producing reservoirs and water injectors they can also be used for breakdown or spearhead acid stages frequently pumped a fracturing treatment. Many additives are used in These systems including demulsifiers, anti-sludging agent, corrosion inhibitor, scale inhibitors, flowback surfactant, H2S scavengers among others, this blend provides reliable and economic emulsion breaking, sludge control, corrosion protection, and rapid well clean up. In gas-bearing formations with normal irreducible water saturations, TAQA’s HCl system is the ideal choice for stimulation and near wellbore damage removal. These HCl systems can be used for stimulating Calcite, Dolomite and calcareous sandstone formations, and will provide cost effective treatment in matrix or fracture acidizing applications at temperatures up to149°C (300°F). the reaction is usually too fast at higher temperature which might require retardation of the system through emulsification.

Emulsified Acid Technology

Straight acid treatments are usually not suitable to treat high temperature reservoirs, this is due to the very fast reaction rate that causes the acidic systems to spend right on the face of the treated reservoir in what’s generally known as face dissolution, which limits the reach of the stimulation fluid into reservoir.  TAQA’s Emulsified Acidizing Technology -EAT- retards the reaction between acid and formation rocks by encapsulating the acid within an inert, organic barrier (usually diesel), this reduces face dissolution and allows acid to reach deeper within formation. The oil-external emulsion composition is 70:30 hydrochloric acid-to-oil, stabilized with an emulsifier. The emulsion retards the acid reaction rate of 28% HCl approximately 13-fold allowing deeper acid penetration into the formation compared to conventional HCl systems. Even greater retardation is achieved at lower acid concentrations. The recommended HCl concentrations for emulsified acid range from 7.5 to 28%. Unlike conventional acid systems which rely on the addition of polymers to generate viscosity and control fluid leak-off, the emulsified acid system is polymer-free, and will not leave a residue. When the acid portion spends, the viscous emulsion will segregate into two separate, low viscosity phases that are easily recovered.

Visco-Elastic Surfactant Based Diverted Acid System

Uniform coverage of the treated zones is crucial for a successful carbonate stimulation treatment, the random, uncontrolled propagation of acid into reservoir leads to the formation of wormholes, adversely affecting the depth of reach of acidizing treatments. Many diversion techniques have been introduced to address the issue, but they were damaging to the reservoir, until Viscoelastic surfactant-based diversion has been introduced. VESjel is TAQA’s VES Diverted acidizing system for Matrix acidizing and Acid fracturing, It’s Surfactant based, non-polymeric and non-damaging to the reservoir. Viscoelastic surfactants increase the viscosity of the carrier fluid as the acid spends, which decreases the penetration of acid into already stimulated formation and forces it to proceed in the direction of other parts of the reservoir that still need stimulation. Most Viscoelastic surfactants used across the industry are not compatible with the conventional Corrosion inhibitors, Iron Control agents, H2S scavengers and other additives that are required to protect tubulars, formation and people, these additives heavily disturb the viscosity and the diversion capacity, rendering the VES system inefficient. TAQA has developed additives that are compatible with VESjel system, which ensures optimum diversion performance while protecting other valuable assets, this high compatibility between system components allows extending the application of VESjel to BHST’s of 350oF.